Sesame is an important cash crop and plays a vital role in the livelihood of many people in Sudan. However, a few challenges hamper the development of the sesame sector along with the value chain. Therefore, this study aims at analyzing the value chain of sesame in Kassala and Algedarif States, which are, States in the Eastern part of Sudan. The results of the current study show that there are various actors across the sesame value chain in Kassala and Gedarif States in Eastern Sedan. The major ones are input suppliers, producers, traders, processors, and exporters. The results of the current study show that there are lays out a convincing case that opportunities for growth are available in the sesame key value chains covered by this paper. The econometric model results showed that; educational level, age and number of years of experience, cultivated land area / per feddan, average prices / pound per quintal, average cost of agriculture per acre, distance from farm to market / km, Fertilizer use, improved seed use, seed varieties used, harvesting method, availability of information to access local and global markets, and difficulty in obtaining agricultural financing are significantly affecting factors of sesame supply(average productivity). Thus, the government and concerned stakeholders need to give attention to yielding increasing technologies in the study area to boost production and productivity and thereby increasing the market supply of sesame (average productivity).